First, cultivation techniques:
1, planting time: walnut suitable for warm, deep soil, well-drained sandy soil and black soil growth, should be planted on sunny slopes and lee. In the development of walnuts in barren hills and areas, terraces should be first built, big fish scale pits should be excavated, and soil and water conservation should be well done. The time of planting was early in the spring when the soil was thawed, autumn was planted after the defoliation, the soil was frozen after the planting, and autumn was planted before the soil was frozen after the defoliation. In the spring drought area, the autumn planting had higher survival rate than the spring planting. Late spring sprouts early and grows robustly. Autumn planting seedlings should be soil to prevent seedlings from draining. Method: The seedlings are bent and bowed to fix the soil and cultivate the soil. In the spring of the following year, the soil was broken and the trunk was straightened.
2. Planting methods: The main root of walnut seedlings is very long, and each dig pit is 0.8-1 m wide. The topsoil and basal fertilizer are first filled into the bottom of the pit, about 20 centimeters away from the pit surface. When planting, soak the well-soaked roots with water-absorbing seedlings and fix them with a pair of scissors. Put them vertically into the pits, stretch them around the roots, and then pour the soil back to the ground, flush it with water and seal the soil.
Second, the plastic trim:
It is an important cultivation technique to make walnuts produce early results, high yield, stable yield, and reasonable pruning. The pruning period of walnuts is different from that of ordinary fruit trees. After the fruits are taken, the leaves are not yellowed before. In North China, the best cut is between “white dew” and “cold dew”. Pruning at this time, although the temperature is low, the wound healing is slow, but the loss of nutrients is low. Saplings can be trimmed early due to inefficiency, and can be started at the "summer heat" section. Spring pruning is generally performed before and after "summer season". If the saplings are too late, the leaves are too large and consume too much nutrients, which is detrimental to tree growth.
1. The sapling's plastic pruning: It is mainly to cultivate a good skeleton of the tree, lay a good foundation, rapidly expand the canopy, and promote early results and early high yield. Walnut trees are generally sparse and sparse and naturally happy.
(1) Sparse layer dispersion shape: The center leadership tree is more obvious, with 5-7 main branches, divided into 2 to 3 layers, so that there are many tree branches, large crowns, high yields, and the plastic focus is 1.5-2.5 meters. Poor soil conditions, low dryness, proper position and orientation of main branches. The distance between the main branches is 1-1.5 meters, which cannot be too close. The first lateral branches of the three main branches of the base are about 1.5 meters from the main trunk. If the distance is too close to the side of the canopy, the distance between the lateral branches of the canopy should be reduced. Pay attention to maintaining the growth advantage of the central leadership. In general, it is not easy to change heads. This is an important feature different from other fruit tree pruning.
(2) Natural happy shape: The center leaders are not obvious, 2-3 main branches are 2-forked or 3-forked structures. In order to accelerate the expansion of the canopy of walnut saplings, increase the number of shoots, and achieve results and early high yield, summer can be adopted. The method of shearing and autumn cutting promotes more new shoots of lateral buds. At the end of the summer season, when the snag growth is about to end, cut more than 50 centimeters of the development branch to the top 2-3 shoots to promote the sprouting of the lateral shoots and shoots, and increase the number of shoots in the coming year. The autumn cut is done before the leaves fall. Shears and cuts the undeveloped part of the growing branch, or one-third to one-quarter of the length of the branch, cutting in the middle and upper parts of the full and enriched outer buds, so that the annual expansion of the crown and the development of more branches . For too dense one-year-old thin branches can be properly cut off.
2, the results of the pruning: Walnut results of the mother bud is the first bud mixed flower buds, generally not every cut, only cut dense branches, dead branches, pests, branches, overlapping branches, so that air and light, promote full practical Robust results Mother and development branches.
(1) Results Pruning of mother branches: The robust branches that grow in the periphery of the crown for 1 year are often the result of the next year and are generally not short cuts. However, if the mother branches are too much, they will cause canopy closure and affect the ventilation and light transmission. Sparse part of the thinning result mother branches to stabilize the yield and promote the normal development of the tree.

(2) Prolonged pruning of branches: For 15-30-year-old fruit-bearing trees, 1-year-old extension branches drawn from the top of the main branches of the periphery of the crown can be short-cut at the buds under the top buds, such as the top. The branches are not substantial and can be cut at full shoots to enlarge the crown and increase the resulting site.
(3) The pruning of leggy branches: The leggy branches are mostly formed from the buds on the dried branches of the internal malleolus. They occur on vigorously growing adult trees and aging trees. In the past, they were often cut from the base and called “clear”. . In recent years, it has begun to use the results of leggy branches. According to Hebei, Shandong, and other provinces, the absurd branches of the empty part of the intrinsic life can be cut short by 1/2 to 1/3 of the full shoots, depending on where they are born and whether they are strong or weak. After cutting 2-3 years The results can be formed branches, add gaps, expand the scope of the results, to achieve the purpose of three-dimensional results.
(4) Pruning of the pendulous branches: Retract at the bifurcation, cut off the stems and branches of pests at the same time, and cut off too dense pendent branches each year.

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